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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1958 |
| | Charles de Gaulle is elected first President of France's Fifth Republic | |
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| 1958 |
| | Dictator Fulgencio Batista flees from Cuba, leaving Havana open to Fidel Castro and his victorious guerrillas | |
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| 1959 |
| | Fidel Castro begins more than four decades of authoritarian rule in Cuba | |
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| 1959 |
| | Alaska becomes the 49th state of the USA | |
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| 1959 |
| | Soviet spacecraft Luna 1 goes into orbit round the sun, between the orbits of Earth and Mars | |
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| 1959 |
| | Pope John XXIII summons a second Vatican Council | |
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| 1959 |
| | Francis Poulenc and Jean Cocteau collaborate on La Voix Humaine, a concerto for soprano voice and orchestra | |
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| 1959 |
| | Australian soprano Joan Sutherland becomes a star overnight with her performance at Covent Garden in Lucia di Lammermoor | |
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| 1959 |
| | The Dalai Lama escapes from Tibet to India after the Chinese suppression of an armed uprising costing thousands of lives | |
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| 1959 |
| | Alfred Hitchcock directs Cary Grant in North by Northwest | |
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| 1959 |
| | German novelist Günter Grass has an immediate success with his first novel, The Tin Drum | |
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| 1959 |
| | Liu Shaoqi replaces Mao Zedong as China's president after the Great Leap Forward fiasco, but Mao remains Chairman | |
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| 1959 |
| | Vice-president Richard Nixon engages in a 'kitchen debate' with Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev at a US exhibition in Moscow | |
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| 1959 |
| | The Mini is launched, designed by Alec Issigonis, and becomes the best-selling British car of all time | |
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| 1959 |
| | Lee Kuan Yew becomes the first prime minister of the newly independent state of Singapore | |
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| 1959 |
| | Billy Wilder directs Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in Some Like it Hot | |
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| 1959 |
| | Saul Bellow publishes Henderson the Rain King, in which an American millionaire acquires a strange role in an African tribe | |
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| 1959 |
| | On the retirement of de Valera, Sean Lemass succeeds him as leader of Fianna F´il and prime minister of Ireland | |
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| 1959 |
| | The Transkei becomes the first African homeland, or Bantustan, within South Africa | |
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| 1959 |
| | ETA (Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna) is formed in Spain as a guerrilla organization to win Basque independence | |
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| 1959 |
| | The first prototype of the Hovercraft, designed by British engineer Christopher Cockerell, crosses the English Channel | |
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| 1959 |
| | Achmed Sukarno assumes dictatorial powers, operating an Indonesian policy officially known as Guided Democracy | |
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| 1959 |
| | Hiroshima Mon Amour is French director Alain Resnais' first feature film, with screenplay by Marguerite Duras | |
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| 1959 |
| | West Indian poet and playwright Derek Walcott founds the Trinidad Theatre Workshop | |
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| 1959 |
| | Keith Waterhouse has a wide success with his second novel, Billy Liar | |
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| 1959 |
| | Hawaii becomes the 50th state of the USA | |
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| 1959 |
| | Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 successfully strikes the moon, in the Palus Putredinus region | |
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| 1959 |
| | Asterix, written by René Goscinny and drawn by Albert Uderzo, makes his first appearance, in the French magazine Pilote | |
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| 1959 |
| | Solomon Bandaranaike is assassinated by a Buddhist monk after only three years as prime minister of Sri Lanka | |
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| 1959 |
| | A group of dancers leave the Netherlands Ballet and establish their own Netherlands Dance Theatre in The Hague | |
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| 1959 |
| | Soviet spacecraft Luna 3, passing by the moon at a distance of some 40,000 miles, is able to photograph the far side | |
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| 1959 |
| | The St Lawrence Seaway, a joint Canadian and US project, links the Great Lakes and the sea | |
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| 1959 |
| | US author William Burroughs' Naked Lunch, an account of the horrors of a junkie's life, is published in Paris | |
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| 1959 |
| | Harold Pinter's second play in London's West End, The Caretaker, immediately brings him an international reputation | |
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| 1959 |
| | Rwanda suffers the first nationwide outbreak of Hutu violence against Tutsis | |
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